Yorkie Dog Breed Information & Characteristics

Picture this: a tiny dog with a flowing, silky coat the color of steel and gold, strutting down the street with an air of royalty. That’s the quintessential Yorkshire Terrier, or Yorkie, for you! These feisty little companions have captured hearts worldwide with their big personalities packed into pint-sized bodies. While undeniably adorable, Yorkies are more than just lap dogs. They have a rich history, specific grooming needs, and a unique temperament that potential owners should understand.

Are you considering adding a Yorkie to your family? This guide will provide everything you need to know about this beloved breed. Let’s dive into the fascinating world of Yorkshire Terriers!

Yorkie History & Origins 

The Yorkshire Terrier’s story begins in the rugged landscape of Northern England during the 19th century. Scottish weavers migrating to Yorkshire brought with them a variety of small terriers like the now-extinct Clydesdale Terrier, the Waterside Terrier, and the Paisley Terrier. These hardy little dogs were prized for their skill in controlling vermin infestations in the mills and mines of the region.

Over time, selective breeding refined these terriers, resulting in a smaller, longer-haired dog that eventually took on the name Yorkshire Terrier. As the Industrial Revolution waned, the Yorkie’s role transitioned from that of a tireless worker to a fashionable companion for Victorian-era ladies. Their glamorous coats and spirited personalities made them a status symbol.

The Yorkshire Terrier’s journey across the Atlantic to America further solidified its popularity. In 1885, the American Kennel Club (AKC) officially recognized the breed. Today, Yorkies consistently rank among the top 10 most popular dog breeds in the United States, a testament to their enduring appeal. While their days of hunting rats are long gone, Yorkies retain the independent and tenacious spirit of their terrier ancestors, making them lively and beloved companions.

Physical Characteristics & Grooming 

Breed Standard The official AKC breed standard paints a clear picture of the ideal Yorkshire Terrier. These petite dogs should not exceed 7 pounds in weight and stand approximately 7-8 inches tall at the shoulder. Their bodies are compact and well-proportioned, with a level back and a tail that is typically docked. The hallmark of the breed is its long, flowing coat of blue and tan.

Coat 

The Yorkie’s coat is its crowning glory! The hair is long, straight, and incredibly silky, resembling human hair in texture. The classic color pattern features a steel blue body with rich tan markings on the head, chest, and legs. Some Yorkies are born with a black and tan or blue and gold coat, with the tan color deepening as they mature.

Teacup Yorkies 

“Teacup” Yorkies are a marketing term, not an official breed designation. They are simply Yorkshire Terriers bred intentionally to be significantly smaller than the breed standard. While their tiny size might be appealing, there’s a serious downside: teacup Yorkies are prone to a host of health problems due to their underdeveloped bodies.

Grooming

Maintaining a Yorkie’s lustrous coat requires dedication. Here’s what you need to know:

• Brushing: Daily brushing is a must to prevent mats and tangles. Use a pin brush and a metal comb to work through the hair thoroughly.
• Bathing: Regular baths (every 1-2 weeks) with a quality dog shampoo and conditioner keep the coat clean and healthy.
• Professional Grooming: Most Yorkie owners opt for professional grooming every 4-6 weeks to trim the coat, clean the ears, and clip the nails.
• Topknots: Many Yorkie owners tie the long hair on their dog’s head into a topknot to keep it out of their eyes.
• Other Styles: From the classic long show coat to a shorter “puppy cut,” there are many adorable Yorkie hairstyles to choose from.

Yorkie Temperament & Training 

Don’t let their small stature fool you – Yorkies have personalities that rival dogs twice their size! Here’s what you can expect:

• Core Traits: Feisty, bold, independent, affectionate, and fiercely loyal. They form strong bonds with their families and can be surprisingly protective despite their size.

• Yappiness: Yorkies are known for their vocal nature. While their barking serves as an effective watchdog function, excessive yapping can become a nuisance. Early training is crucial to manage this tendency.
• Trainability: Yorkshire Terriers are intelligent dogs but have a stubborn streak. Positive reinforcement, consistency, and patience are key to success when training.
• Housebreaking: Potty training can be a bit more challenging with Yorkies, primarily due to their small bladders. Crate training and a consistent schedule are essential.
• Socialization: Early and positive socialization is vital to help Yorkies develop into well-rounded companions. Introduce your Yorkie to different people, dogs, and situations in a controlled and encouraging manner.
• Exercise: While Yorkies have moderate exercise needs, it’s important not to underestimate their energy levels. Regular walks, indoor playtime, and opportunities for safe, off-leash running in a fenced area will keep them happy and healthy. Since they are prone to overheating, avoid strenuous activity during hot weather.
• Apartment Life: Yorkies are well-suited for apartment living due to their size and adaptability. However, remember their barking tendencies and ensure they receive adequate exercise to prevent boredom.

Important Note: While these are common Yorkie traits, every dog is an individual. With proper training and socialization, your Yorkie can be a delightful and well-behaved companion.

Yorkie Health & Responsible Breeding

Like all dog breeds, Yorkshire Terriers are prone to certain health conditions. It’s essential to be aware of these potential issues to provide the best care for your furry friend:

• Tracheal Collapse: A weakening of the cartilage rings in the trachea (windpipe) leading to breathing difficulties.
• Patellar Luxation: A condition where the kneecap slips out of place, causing pain and lameness.
• Hypoglycemia: Dangerously low blood sugar, more common in young Yorkies and smaller individuals.
• Dental Issues: Yorkies are particularly susceptible to dental problems due to their small mouths. Regular dental care is a must.
• Eye Problems: Various eye conditions, including cataracts and dry eye, can affect Yorkies.
• Liver Shunts: An abnormal blood vessel bypassing the liver, causing a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream.

The Importance of Responsible Breeding 

Choosing a reputable breeder significantly increases the chances of bringing home a healthy Yorkie. Responsible breeders prioritize health and temperament through the following practices:

1. Health Testing: Breeding dogs should be screened for genetic conditions common to the breed. Organizations like the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and the Canine Eye Registry Foundation (CERF) offer certifications for healthy breeding stock.
2. Temperament Evaluation: Responsible breeders ensure their dogs have stable temperaments typical of the Yorkie breed.

Finding a Reputable Breeder 

Start your search with the Yorkshire Terrier Club of America (YTCA), which maintains a breeder referral list. Always visit the breeder in person, ask questions, and meet the parent dogs.

Red Flags to Avoid

1. Puppy Mills: Mass-breeding operations that prioritize profit over the well-being of dogs. Avoid buying from pet stores, online sellers without verifiable information, or breeders who don’t allow you to see the breeding environment.
2. Unusually Low Prices: Well-bred Yorkies with health clearances come at a cost. Extremely low prices may indicate a puppy mill or a breeder cutting corners.

Is a Yorkie the Right Dog for You?

Before welcoming a Yorkie into your life, it’s important to honestly consider if this breed aligns with your lifestyle and expectations. Here’s a breakdown to help you decide:

Pros

1. Adaptable: Yorkies thrive in apartments and smaller homes.
2. Affectionate: Incredibly loving and loyal companions.
3. Portable: Their small size makes them great travel buddies.
4. Long Lifespan: Yorkies often live for 13-16 years.

Cons

1. Potential Fragility: Their small size can make them more susceptible to injuries.
2. Grooming Needs: Maintaining their coat requires time and expense.
3. Yappiness: Prone to excessive barking if not properly trained.
4. Stubbornness: Can be difficult to housebreak and may challenge your patience during training.

Ideal Owners

1. Someone Willing to Invest in Grooming: Regular brushing and professional grooming are non-negotiable.
2. Apartment Dwellers or Homeowners: Yorkies fit well in various living situations.
3. Families with Older Children: Yorkies are delicate and do best with respectful, gentle handling.

Financial Considerations

1. Purchase Price: Reputable breeders typically charge $1500-$3000 for a Yorkie puppy.
2. Ongoing Costs: Factor in food, veterinary care, grooming, toys, and potential unexpected health expenses.

The Takeaway 

If you’re ready for a sassy little companion with a big heart, and you’re prepared to handle their grooming needs and independent spirit, the Yorkshire Terrier might be your perfect match!

Conclusion 

Yorkshire Terriers are undeniably charming, spirited dogs with a touch of feistiness that makes them endlessly entertaining companions. While their luxurious coats and affectionate nature are certainly captivating, it’s important to understand the responsibilities of owning this breed. Their grooming needs, potential health issues, and independent personalities require dedication and understanding.

If you’ve carefully considered all aspects of Yorkie ownership and feel confident that you can provide the care and attention they deserve, this breed will reward you with years of love and laughter.