With their flowing manes, regal bearing, and unwavering sense of self-importance, Pekingese dogs are a breed unlike any other. These compact companions have a rich and fascinating history interwoven with ancient China, where they were once the cherished pets of emperors and members of the royal court. Pekingese, named after the former Chinese capital of Peking (now Beijing), were considered sacred and even linked to Buddhist mythology as protectors against evil spirits.
Their distinctive appearance, with a luxurious long coat, a lion-like ruff of fur, and a flat face, makes them instantly recognizable. But beyond their looks lies a complex and fascinating personality. Pekingese are known for their independent spirit, their boundless loyalty to loved ones, and an occasionally stubborn streak.
If you’re considering bringing a Pekingese into your life, or simply want to learn more about this extraordinary breed, this comprehensive guide is for you. We’ll delve into their history, appearance, temperament, care requirements, and everything you need to know to decide if a Pekingese is the right fit for your lifestyle.
Pekingese History and Origins
Ancient Chinese Roots
The Pekingese breed boasts a lineage that stretches back thousands of years, making them one of the oldest dog breeds in the world. DNA analysis suggests their origins lie in ancient China, where they were highly prized companions. Archaeological evidence and historical records indicate that Pekingese-like dogs existed in China as far back as the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).
Imperial Companions
Pekingese dogs were truly pampered pets, living lives of luxury within the walls of the Forbidden City. Chinese emperors and their families adored these little lion dogs, and commoners were forbidden from owning them. Pekingese were treated with such reverence that they were assigned their own servants and sometimes even had guards to protect them. It was believed that stealing a Pekingese was an offense punishable by death!
Mythological Ties
The Pekingese hold a special place in Chinese mythology and Buddhist folklore. Legends tell of the “Foo Dog,” a lion-like guardian said to ward off evil spirits — a role reflected in the Pekingese’s appearance and courageous temperament. Their small size and affectionate nature also led to associations with the Sleeve Dog, a mythical creature believed to bring its owner good luck and warmth.
Introduction to the West
The Pekingese remained relatively unknown outside China until the 19th century. During the Opium Wars, in 1860, British troops looted the Summer Palace in Beijing and discovered five Pekingese dogs. Some of these dogs were gifted to Queen Victoria, sparking fascination with the breed in Europe and later in the United States. The American Kennel Club officially recognized the Pekingese in 1906.
Appearance and Physical Characteristics
Breed Standards
The American Kennel Club (AKC) sets the official breed standard for Pekingese, providing guidelines for their ideal size, proportions, and overall appearance. Pekingese are classified as a toy breed, with a weight range of 6–14 pounds (ideally not exceeding 14 pounds). They stand approximately 6–9 inches tall at the shoulder. Their compact bodies are surprisingly sturdy and muscular.
Luxurious Coat
One of the Pekingese’s most striking features is its long, thick double coat. The outer coat is straight and somewhat coarse, while the undercoat is soft and dense. This coat comes in a stunning array of colors, including red, sable, fawn, black, white, cream, and mixed color patterns.
The Lion’s Mane
The fur around the Pekingese’s neck and shoulders is particularly profuse, creating a distinctive “mane” that resembles that of a lion. This, along with their proud demeanor, contributes to their nickname, “the lion dog.”
Unique Facial Structure
Pekingese are brachycephalic, meaning they have a short, flattened muzzle. They have large, round, dark eyes that add to their expressive look. Their nose is black, and their skin is often wrinkled, particularly around the face. The lower jaw protrudes slightly, resulting in a characteristic undershot bite.
Body Build
Their body is compact, broad-chested, and slightly longer than it is tall. Pekingese have slightly bowed front legs which contributes to their unique rolling gait. Their tail is plumed and carried high, usually curving slightly over their back.
Pekingese Personality and Temperament
Independent and Regal
Don’t let their small size fool you – Pekingese have big personalities! They are known for their independent spirit and a strong sense of self-importance. These dogs were bred to be companions to royalty, and that regal heritage shines through in their demeanor. They carry themselves with dignity and can sometimes come across as a bit aloof.
Devoted Companions
While they may initially seem reserved, Pekingese form deep bonds of loyalty with their chosen humans. They are incredibly affectionate with their family, craving attention and love. Many Pekingese pick a favorite person and become their devoted shadow. They enjoy curling up on laps and snuggling with their loved ones.
Aloof with Strangers
Pekingese tend to be wary of strangers. They may not be the type to run up and greet everyone with enthusiasm. Instead, they prefer to observe and assess new people before deciding if they are worthy of their attention. Early socialization is crucial to prevent excessive shyness or suspicion.
Courageous Watchdogs
Despite their small stature, Pekingese take their role as watchdogs very seriously. Their protective instincts make them prone to barking at any perceived threat, whether it’s the mail carrier or a strange noise. Their deep, surprisingly loud bark can belie their size.
The Importance of Socialization
While Pekingese have a naturally independent streak, proper socialization from a young age is essential to a well-rounded personality. Exposing your Pekingese puppy to different people, places, and experiences will help them develop confidence and avoid becoming overly territorial or timid. Positive interactions with other dogs can also teach them healthy social skills.
Care, Training, and Health
Grooming Essentials
The Pekingese’s luxurious coat requires regular maintenance to stay healthy and free of mats. Daily brushing is recommended, with particular attention paid to their longer fur around the mane and legs. Bathing every few weeks is usually sufficient, followed by thorough drying. Special care needs to be taken cleaning their facial wrinkles to prevent infection and keeping the areas around their eyes clean of excess hair or debris.
Training Considerations
Pekingese are intelligent dogs, but their independent nature means they might not always be eager to please. Training should focus on positive reinforcement, consistency, and keeping sessions short and engaging. Treats and praise work wonders when motivating a Pekingese. Harsh training methods should be avoided, as they can damage the bond between dog and owner.
Exercise Needs
Pekingese have moderate exercise needs. Short daily walks and indoor playtime are usually sufficient to keep them fit and happy. Due to their short muzzle, it’s important to avoid strenuous exercise in hot weather, as they are prone to heatstroke.
Common Health Concerns
Like all breeds, Pekingese are predisposed to certain health issues. Some of the most common include:
- Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS): Their shortened facial structure can lead to breathing difficulties. Signs include snoring, snorting, and difficulty exercising.
- Eye Problems: Their prominent eyes make them prone to issues like corneal ulcers, dry eye, and inward-turned eyelashes (entropion).
- Skin Allergies: Sensitive skin can lead to allergic reactions and skin infections.
- Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): A spinal condition causing pain, weakness, and even paralysis.
- Patellar Luxation: A condition where the kneecap slips out of place.
Veterinary Care
Regular checkups with a veterinarian are vital for any dog, but especially important for Pekingese. Your vet can monitor for breed-specific health issues and recommend preventative care. Discuss any concerns you may have and work collaboratively with your vet to ensure your Pekingese lives a long and healthy life.
Is a Pekingese Right for You?
Ideal Owners
Pekingese are best suited to patient and devoted owners who enjoy a touch of canine sassiness. They thrive on attention and companionship, making them excellent pets for those who have the time to dote on them. While they can be independent, they also don’t need excessive amounts of exercise, making them adaptable to various lifestyles.
Apartment Suitability
With their small size and moderate exercise needs, Pekingese are well-suited to apartment living. They don’t require a large yard to play in and are relatively quiet compared to some breeds. That said, they still need daily walks and mental stimulation like all dogs.
Family Considerations
Pekingese can be wonderful family pets but some considerations are important. Their independent spirit means they may not always be tolerant of young children who don’t understand their boundaries. Supervision and teaching children how to interact gently with the dog is crucial. Socializing a Pekingese with other pets is also important, though they may prefer to be the only “fur child” in the household.
Conclusion
The Pekingese dog is a truly unique and captivating breed. From their ancient Chinese roots as imperial companions to their modern-day status as beloved family pets, these little “lion dogs” have a way of charming anyone who crosses their path. Their distinctive appearance, regal demeanor, and quirky personalities make them stand out from the crowd.
While full of personality, owning a Pekingese requires commitment and understanding of their specific needs. If you’re ready to provide dedicated care, embrace their stubborn streak with a sense of humor, and shower them with the affection they crave, a Pekingese could become your most loyal and devoted friend.
Before welcoming a Pekingese into your life, do thorough research, talk to reputable breeders, or consider adopting from a Pekingese rescue organization. Responsible dog ownership is essential to ensuring your Pekingese lives a long, happy, and healthy life by your side.
